In folklore, the term usually refers to the blood-sucking (hematophagy) undead of Eastern European legends, but it has been often extended to qualify similar legendary creatures in other traditions and cultures.
Vampyres and modern vampires
Bats and other blood-sucking animals
Other vampire-like creatures
It is difficult to make a unified description of the folkloric vampire, because its properties vary widely between different cultures and times. Legendary vampires– those dating before 1730– often overlap characteristics with literary vampires and at other times completely contradict them. Moreover, western scholars trying to label similar phenomena across cultures have commonly confused the Slavic vampires with undead in far-off cultures– for example, China, Indonesia, the Philippines.
Some cultures have stories of non-human vampires, such as animals like bats, dogs, and spiders. Vampires are also the frequent subject of cinema and fiction, albeit those fictional vampires have acquired a set of traits distinct from those of folkloric vampires.
The modern scholar must set aside all his or her previous concepts of the vampire, especially those gathered from books or film, and begin afresh with the simplest, most universal definition of a vampire.
A commonly accepted definition of the European (or Slavic) vampire is a dead body which continues to live in the grave, which it leaves, however, by night, for the purpose of sucking blood of the living, whereby it is nourished and preserved in good condition, instead of becoming decomposed like other dead bodies. .
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